Please select a setup package depending on your platform:

NOTE: For older OS'es use older releases. There are releases for many OS version and platforms on the Sourceforge.net page.

NOTE: There are also more recent nightly builds available in the forums or (for Debian and Fedora users) in Jens' Debian repository and Jens' Fedora repository. Please note that we consider nightly builds to be stable, usually.

Dec 27, 2013  Code Blocks is an excellent programming option for C. It consists of an open source, multiplatform integrated development environment that supports using multiple compilers, among which are: GCC (MingW / GNU GCC), MSVC, Digital Mars, Borland C 5.5 and Open Watcom. Dec 18, 2014  code blocks does not compile on mac OSX. Ask Question 1. I have been trying to run code blocks on my mac (10.7.5) and have hit a wall. I've researched many other threads with people that have had similar problems, but still not able to figure it out. I'm sure its something simple that I'm missing.

Download Code Blocks For Macbook

NOTE: We have a Changelog for 17.12, that gives you an overview over the enhancements and fixes we have put in the new release.

Windows XP / Vista / 7 / 8.x / 10:

NOTE: The codeblocks-17.12-setup.exe file includes Code::Blocks with all plugins. The codeblocks-17.12-setup-nonadmin.exe file is provided for convenience to users that do not have administrator rights on their machine(s).

NOTE: The codeblocks-17.12mingw-setup.exe file includes additionally the GCC/G++ compiler and GDB debugger from TDM-GCC (version 5.1.0, 32 bit, SJLJ). The codeblocks-17.12mingw_fortran-setup.exe file includes additionally to that the GFortran compiler (TDM-GCC).

NOTE: The codeblocks-17.12(mingw)-nosetup.zip files are provided for convenience to users that are allergic against installers. However, it will not allow to select plugins / features to install (it includes everything) and not create any menu shortcuts. For the 'installation' you are on your own.

If unsure, please use codeblocks-17.12mingw-setup.exe!

Linux 32 and 64-bit:

NOTE: The Linux packages above are compressed archives (tar.xz or tar.bz2). When you decompress the package you downloaded on your system, you will find all the .rpm or .deb packages required to install Code::Blocks.

NOTE: Debug and development files for Linux are in Jens' repos, here:

• Debian: https://apt.jenslody.de/
• Fedora: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/jenslody/codeblocks-release

Important note for Ubuntu users: The contrib-plugins package for debian can not be used on Ubuntu 12.04(+), due to an incompatible libhunspell-package.

Note: On RedHat/CentOS 5 and older revisions of 6 (up to 6.2 as far as we know) you need to add repoforge (former rpmforge) to your repolist, to be able to install the needed wxGTK-package. See http://repoforge.org/use for an instruction.

Note: Redhat/CentOS probably also needs an installed hunspell-package, if you want to install the contrib-plugins. I build the package against hunspell from atomicorp.com, see: http://www6.atomicorp.com/channels/atomic/centos/5EL/. Other packages (if available) might also work.

Note: There seem to be no recent enough boost-packages available for RedHat/CentOS, so the NassiShneidermann-plugin is not available in the contrib-plugins for these systems.

Mac OS X:

NOTES:

• Code::Blocks 17.12 for Mac is currently not available due to the lack of Mac developers, or developers that own a Mac. We could use an extra Mac developer (or two) to work on Mac compatibility issues.
• The provided download contains an Application Bundle (for the i386 architecture) built for Mac OS X 10.6 (and later), bundling most Code::Blocks plugins.

For older release versions please check here.

In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as a tag, is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message—in other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed. The MAC value protects both a message's data integrity as well as its authenticity, by allowing verifiers (who also possess the secret key) to detect any changes to the message content.

• 6An example of MAC use

Definitions[edit]

Informally, a message authentication code consists of three algorithms:

• A key generation algorithm selects a key from the key space uniformly at random.
• A signing algorithm efficiently returns a tag given the key and the message.
• A verifying algorithm efficiently verifies the authenticity of the message given the key and the tag. That is, return accepted when the message and tag are not tampered with or forged, and otherwise return rejected.

For a secure unforgeable message authentication code, it should be computationally infeasible to compute a valid tag of the given message without knowledge of the key, even if for the worst case, we assume the adversary can forge the tag of any message except the given one.^[1]

Formally, a message authentication code (MAC) is a triple of efficient^[2] algorithms (G, S, V) satisfying:

• G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1ⁿ, where n is the security parameter.
• S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x.
• V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and the tag t. S and V must satisfy the following:

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Pr [ k ← G(1ⁿ), V( k, x, S(k, x) ) = accepted ] = 1.^[3]

A MAC is unforgeable if for every efficient adversary A

Pr [ k ← G(1ⁿ), (x, t) ← A^{S(k, · )}(1ⁿ), x ∉ Query(A^{S(k, · )}, 1ⁿ), V(k, x, t) = accepted] < negl(n),

where A^{S(k, · )} denotes that A has access to the oracle S(k, · ), and Query(A^{S(k, · )}, 1ⁿ) denotes the set of the queries on S made by A, which knows n. Clearly we require that any adversary cannot directly query the string x on S, since otherwise a valid tag can be easily obtained by that adversary.^[4]

Security[edit]

While MAC functions are similar to cryptographic hash functions, they possess different security requirements. To be considered secure, a MAC function must resist existential forgery under chosen-plaintext attacks. This means that even if an attacker has access to an oracle which possesses the secret key and generates MACs for messages of the attacker's choosing, the attacker cannot guess the MAC for other messages (which were not used to query the oracle) without performing infeasible amounts of computation.

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MACs differ from digital signatures as MAC values are both generated and verified using the same secret key. This implies that the sender and receiver of a message must agree on the same key before initiating communications, as is the case with symmetric encryption. For the same reason, MACs do not provide the property of non-repudiation offered by signatures specifically in the case of a network-wide shared secret key: any user who can verify a MAC is also capable of generating MACs for other messages. In contrast, a digital signature is generated using the private key of a key pair, which is public-key cryptography^[2]. Since this private key is only accessible to its holder, a digital signature proves that a document was signed by none other than that holder. Thus, digital signatures do offer non-repudiation. However, non-repudiation can be provided by systems that securely bind key usage information to the MAC key; the same key is in the possession of two people, but one has a copy of the key that can be used for MAC generation while the other has a copy of the key in a hardware security module that only permits MAC verification. This is commonly done in the finance industry.^{[citation needed]}

Message integrity codes[edit]

The term message integrity code (MIC) is frequently substituted for the term MAC, especially in communications,^[5] to distinguish it from the use of MAC meaning MAC address (for media access control address). However, some authors^[6] use MIC to refer to a message digest, which is different from a MAC – a message digest does not use secret keys. This lack of security means that any message digest intended for use gauging message integrity should be encrypted or otherwise be protected against tampering. Message digest algorithms are created such that a given message will always produce the same message digest assuming the same algorithm is used to generate both. Conversely, MAC algorithms are designed to produce matching MACs only if the same message, secret key and initialization vector are input to the same algorithm. Message digests do not use secret keys and, when taken on their own, are therefore a much less reliable gauge of message integrity than MACs. Because MACs use secret keys, they do not necessarily need to be encrypted to provide the same level of assurance.

RFC 4949 recommends avoiding the term 'message integrity code' (MIC), and instead using 'checksum', 'error detection code', 'hash', 'keyed hash', 'message authentication code', or 'protected checksum'.

Implementation[edit]

MAC algorithms can be constructed from other cryptographic primitives, like cryptographic hash functions (as in the case of HMAC) or from block cipher algorithms (OMAC, CBC-MAC and PMAC). However many of the fastest MAC algorithms like UMAC and VMAC are constructed based on universal hashing.^[7]

Additionally, the MAC algorithm can deliberately combine two or more cryptographic primitives, so as to maintain protection even if one of them is later found to be vulnerable. For instance, in Transport Layer Security (TLS), the input data is split in halves that are each processed with a different hashing primitive (MD5 and SHA-1) then XORed together to output the MAC.

Standards[edit]

Various standards exist that define MAC algorithms. These include:

• FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication,^[8] withdrawn in 2002,^[9] defines an algorithm based on DES.
• FIPS PUB 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC)^[10]
• ISO/IEC 9797-1Mechanisms using a block cipher^[11]
• ISO/IEC 9797-2 Mechanisms using a dedicated hash-function^[12]

ISO/IEC 9797-1 and -2 define generic models and algorithms that can be used with any block cipher or hash function, and a variety of different parameters. These models and parameters allow more specific algorithms to be defined by nominating the parameters. For example, the FIPS PUB 113 algorithm is functionally equivalent to ISO/IEC 9797-1 MAC algorithm 1 with padding method 1 and a block cipher algorithm of DES.

An example of MAC use[edit]

^[13]In this example, the sender of a message runs it through a MAC algorithm to produce a MAC data tag. The message and the MAC tag are then sent to the receiver. The receiver in turn runs the message portion of the transmission through the same MAC algorithm using the same key, producing a second MAC data tag. The receiver then compares the first MAC tag received in the transmission to the second generated MAC tag. If they are identical, the receiver can safely assume that the message was not altered or tampered with during transmission (data integrity).

However, to allow the receiver to be able to detect replay attacks, the message itself must contain data that assures that this same message can only be sent once (e.g. time stamp, sequence number or use of a one-time MAC). Otherwise an attacker could – without even understanding its content – record this message and play it back at a later time, producing the same result as the original sender.

One-time MAC[edit]

Universal hashing and in particular pairwise independent hash functions provide a secure message authentication code as long as the key is used at most once. This can be seen as the one-time pad for authentication.^[14]

The simplest such pairwise independent hash function is defined by the random key key = (a,b), and the MAC tag for a message m is computed as tag = (am + b) mod p, where p is prime.

More generally, k-independent hashing functions provide a secure message authentication code as long as the key is used less than k times for k-ways independent hashing functions.

See also[edit]

• Hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)

Notes[edit]

1. ^The strongest adversary is assumed to have access to the signing algorithm without knowing the key. However, her final forged message must be different from any message she chose to query the signing algorithm before. See Pass's discussions before def 134.2.
2. ^ ^abTheoretically, an efficient algorithm runs within probabilistic polynomial time.
3. ^Pass, def 134.1
4. ^Pass, def 134.2
5. ^IEEE 802.11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications(PDF). (2007 revision). IEEE-SA. 12 June 2007. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2007.373646. ISBN978-0-7381-5656-9.
6. ^Fred B Schneider, Hashes and Message Digests, Cornell University
7. ^'VMAC: Message Authentication Code using Universal Hashing'. CFRG Working Group. CFRG Working Group. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
8. ^FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication
9. ^Federal Information Processing Standards Publications, Withdrawn FIPS Listed by Number
10. ^The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
11. ^ISO/IEC 9797-1 Information technology — Security techniques — Message Authentication Codes (MACs) — Part 1: Mechanisms using a block cipher
12. ^ISO/IEC 9797-2 Information technology — Security techniques — Message Authentication Codes (MACs) — Part 2: Mechanisms using a dedicated hash-function
13. ^'Mac Security Overview', Mac® Security Bible, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2011-11-01, pp. 1–26, doi:10.1002/9781118257739.ch1, ISBN9781118257739
14. ^Simmons, Gustavus (1985). 'Authentication theory/coding theory'. Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of CRYPTO 84. Berlin: Springer. pp. 411–431. ISBN0387156585.

References[edit]

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• Goodrich, Oded (2001), Foundations of cryptography I: Basic Tools, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN978-0-511-54689-1
• Goldreich, Oded (2004), Foundations of cryptography II: Basic Applications (1. publ. ed.), Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN978-0-521-83084-3
• Pass, Rafael, A Course in Cryptography(PDF), retrieved 31 December 2015^[1]

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External links[edit]

Codeblocks For Mac

1. ^11-12-20C8